从会计等式看产权理论在我国企业的运用

本文认为,会计等式在一定程度上反映了产权理论在企业中的运用状况。传统计划经济体制下的“企业”没有企业的本质属性,其会计等式只记录“企业”使用物质资料和物质资料在“企业”里的分布情况,国家是生产资料的完全所有者,没有产权的存在。现阶段的企业是市场经济的主体,有自己的生产经营权利,追求利润最大化,而组织活动本身又受社会主义市场经济条件下生产资料公有制的影响,其会计等式反映了一定条件下的产权关系,说明了产权理论在会计核算上的运用。文章指出,会计等式中体现的产权思想只是产权经济学的一部分,用会计等式和会计的语言说明生产要素所有者参与利益形成和分配过程的权益,即会计反映的是权力怎样计算为权益的。     

论投资者决策行为模式中的倾向效应

行为金融研究发现 ,投资者的决策行为并非完全理性 ,“倾向效应”普遍存在于个人投资者和投资专业人士中。了解“倾向效应”及其心理动因具有积极的现实意义     

Ethical Exemplification and the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct: An Empirical Investigation of Auditor and Public Perceptions

This research applies the impression management theory of exemplification in an accounting study by identifying and measuring differences in both auditor and public perceptions of exemplary behaviors. The auditors were divided into two groups, one of which reported self-perceptions (A-S) while the other group reported their perceptions of a typical auditor (A-O). There were two separate public groups, which gave their perceptions of a typical auditor and were divided based on their levels of accounting sophistication. The more sophisticated public group was comprised of bank loan officers (LO) while the less sophisticated public group consisted of investment club members (IC). Comparisons were made on 30 behaviors contained in the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, which served as the basis for the research instrument. Profile analysis, a special form of MANOVA technique, was used to analyze the results. A-S perceptions were the highest of the four treatment levels and were significantly higher (i.e., more exemplary) than the perceptions of both the A-O and LO groups. The more sophisticated user group (LO) provided the lowest perceptions of the four treatment levels. For at least four of the six measures, the LO treatment group perceived the typical auditor to be less exemplary than both the IC and A-O treatments. There were no differences in perceptions between the A-O group and IC. Additional analysis revealed that auditors overrated the degree to which the public relied on financial statements. However, both public groups reported a reasonably high level of reliance on financial statements when making decisions. Philip A. Brown is an Associate Professor and Directtor of the Accounting Program at Harding University in Searcy, Arkansas. He has a bachelor's degree from Harding University, an MBA from West Virginia University and a Ph.D. from the University of Mississippi. His research interests are in accounting ethics and in accounting education. He has published in Advances in Accounting, The Journal of Accounting and Finance Research, and others. He is a CPA in the State of Arkansas. Morris H. Stocks serves as the Dean of the Patterson School of Accountancy at the Universtiy of Mississippi. He received his undergraduate degree in accounting from Trevecca Nazarene University, his Masters degree from Middle Tennessee State University and his Ph.D. from the University of South Carolina. He is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of Mississippi. He is a behavioral accounting researcher and has published in Accounting, Organizations and Society, Accounting Horizons, Behavioural Research in Accounting, Decision Sciences Journal, Advances in Accounting, Advances in Accounting Information Systems, Advances in Behavioral Accounting Research, Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, Advances in Taxation and others. W. Mark Wilder is KPMG Lecturer and Associate Professor of Accountancy at The University of Mississippi. His educational background includes a bachelor's degree in mathematics from The University of Alabama, an MBA from the University of South Alabama, and a Ph.D. in Accounting from Florida State University. He is a CPA in the State of Mississippi. Mark has published in Accounting Horizons, Advances in Taxation, the Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, the Journal of Computer and Information Systems, the CPA Journal, and others. In the past 2 years he has received several awards, including the top two campus-wide faculty awards at Ole Miss and also the MSCPA Outstanding Educator Award. In 2004 he was inducted into the Alabama Tennis Hall of Fame.     

Environmental Management Accounting: A Case Study Research on Innovative Strategy

The aim of this paper is to conduct an in-depth study on environmental management systems developed in the ceramic tiles sector. This study is conceived as an improvement on a previous survey related to an environmental diagnosis of the ceramic tiles sector where some incongruities between environmental explicit speeches and environmental actions were detected. Such incongruities revealed that firms assumed to be highly environmental committed while from facts this commitment was not so high proved. So, it was necessary to introduce case study research methodology to clarify and to understand the reasons of these inconsistencies. The main objectives of our case study research are two. The first one consists in determining the relationship between firms and environment, analysing environmental positions in companies assumed in their environmental strategy and their environmental behaviour reflected in facts, while the second one attempts to establish the role played by the accounting information system in the environmental management systems of the companies in the sector. Our case study research reveals the elaboration of a larger amount of environmental accounting information for internal use than for external one. This fact is due not only to the inexistence of regulations about environmental disclosures in Spain, at that time, but also to the importance of environmental internal accounting information for management which supports the prevalence of decision-usefulness theory in the implementation of environmental management systems.Lecturer of Management Accounting in the Department of Finance and Accounting of the University Jaume I of Castellon (Spain). PhD in Business Management, with a focus on Environmental Management Accounting. Participant in several research funding programmes related to Environmental Management in Spain, Scotland and Guatemala.     

高职会计电算化专业的职业技能培养、训练与测评

按高职会计电算化专业技能的特点和性质要求,培养和发展学生的就业与工作能力,只传授专业理论知识是远远不够的,必须把专业基本知识的教学和基本技能的训练结合起来。技能训练可采用课堂讲授法、课后作业法、摸拟训练法、课外辅导法和社会实践法等技能训练方法。并设计采用相对简化的测评方法对学生学习各项技能的正确性和熟练程度进行测评。     

会计业务流程再造新思维

会计业务流程再造是一种管理变革的创新思维。对于会计业务流程再造的研究,不能仅仅从技术层面强调"根本上重新思考"或"彻底改造",应结合企业文化、员工素质等特点,分析信息技术与会计业务流程再造关系,从社会文化观和交易成本经济学等层面对会计业务流程再造进行分析,并将会计业务流程再造与企业战略紧密结合。     

从经济学角度探析“理性会计信息失真”

“理性会计信息失真”是现代会计信息失真”的基本特征，其中会计行为主体与会计信息的关系是研究的重点。在保持与建立现代企业制度相促进的前提下，适当增加或强化与隐性委托代理行为呈负相关关系的因素，减少或强化呈正相关关系的因素，是架构“理性会计信息失真”治理机制的现实选择。     

矿产资源会计研究体系的构建

注重资源开发和利用,发展循环经济,促进人类实现可持续发展,从会计角度对自然资源进行价值核算和管理,就成为目前会计学术界所面临的一个新课题。矿产资源实行有偿化管理后,其所涵盖的资源性资产、成本、耗费、收益、信息披露等确认、计量、报告的会计核算体系的构建,矿产资源的预测、计划、决策、控制、分析、考核等会计管理体系的构建就成为急须解决的问题。     

关于我国上市公司会计信息失真问题的研究

我国上市公司会计信息严重失真 ,不仅损害了中小投资人、债权人的利益 ,而且降低了资源的配置效率。目前国内证券监管者处于被动执法状态 ,监督机构要加强事前、事中监管 ,加大对经济处罚和司法介入力度。加大造假成本 ,将造假与会计严重失真者逐出证券市场并绳之以法 ,确保会计信息的有效     

信誉资本与会计诚信契约的自动履行

由于受到 "成本--效益"因素的制约,会计诚信契约的强制履行不可避免存在履约盲区,信誉机制在会计诚信契约的自动履行中的作用不可或缺.信誉机制对会计诚信契约自动履约范围大小由会计规则执行者的私人履约资本决定,因此,建立一个有利于私人履约资本生成和积累的社会制度环境是提高会计诚信水平的重要途径.